Audio Overview:
Chapter 1: Properties of Xrays
Chapter 2: The Xray Tube
Chapter 3: Xray Tube Heat Loading Characteristics
Chapter 4: Xray Productions
These chapters introduce fundamental concepts of x-rays, including their properties as electromagnetic waves with specific wavelengths and frequencies, and how they differ from mechanical waves like ultrasound. The text then details the components and operation of an x-ray tube, explaining how electrons are accelerated to produce x-rays and defining key operational parameters like mA (number of electrons) and kVp (electron energy), along with related concepts such as focal spot size, line focus principle, and heel effect. Finally, the sources explore x-ray production mechanisms—Bremsstrahlung and characteristic x-rays—and discuss factors influencing x-ray beam quantity and quality, as measured by exposure (roentgen) and half-value layer (HVL), emphasizing their impact on image and patient dose.
Radiologic Physics by Nickoloff, Edward L – Ahmad, Naveed.
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