Audio Overview:
This Physics Review serves as a comprehensive overview of the fundamental principles and components used in various medical imaging modalities. It begins with the physics of x-rays, including their properties and how they are produced and controlled within an x-ray tube and associated equipment like collimators and filters. The material progresses to cover image formation using intensifying screens and film, then transitions to the technologies of computed radiography (CR) and digital radiography (DR), including the handling and archiving of digital images via PACS. Discussions then shift to the complexities of radiation doses and safety, followed by a summary of radiation biology. The document continues with explanations of more advanced imaging techniques like fluoroscopy, mammography, computed tomography (CT), and ultrasound, detailing their operational principles and associated physics. Finally, the text introduces magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and nuclear medicine physics, outlining the core concepts and equipment involved in generating images through these distinct methods.