• Radiation and Radioactivity
• The Atom
• Alpha Particles
• The Beta Particle
• Gamma Radiation
• Properties of Radiation
• Units of Radiation Measurement
• Basic Radiation Protection
• X-ray Tube
• X-ray Tube Components
• Characteristic X-Rays
• Brehmsstrahlung X-Rays
• X-ray Transitions
• Half-life
• Radiation Measurement
• Measurement of Radiation, Gas Filled Detector
• Measurement of Radiation, Sodium Iodide Detector
• Bremstrahlung GenerationStationary 
• Anode X-ray Tube circa 1930's
• Modern Rotating Anode X-ray Tube Design
• 3rd Generation Computed Tomography
• Helical Computed Tomography
• Frame of Reference in CT
• ExploreScience (X-ray Imaging) This interactive Shockwave simulation lets you see how imaging techniques can let you see inside an object (such as the human body).
• X-Rays
  • Electromagnetic Theory
  • Quantum Mechanics
  • Making X-Rays
  • Bremsstrahlung
  • K-Shell Emission
  • X-Ray Absorption
  • Light and Dark Spots
  • X-Ray Safety
  • X-Ray and DNA
• CAT Scans
      Projecting Shadows
      X-Ray Scanning
      Back Projection
      Rib Cage Projection
      Auto Rib Cage Projection

1. Making X-rays
2. Radiation Past and Present
3. Radiation Related Terms
4. Radiation and Radioactivity
5. Radiation Measurement
6. Radiation Safety
7. Physics of X-RAY Production
8. Coherent bremsstrahlung
9. Analytical X-Ray Safety Manual

1. X-Ray Production

2. High energy electron beam striking high-Z material

3. High energy electron beam striking high-Z material produces Heat

4. High energy electron beam striking high-Z material produces Heat and X Rays.

5. Bremsstrahlung “braking” radiation

6. Energy of x rays is function of electron beam energy, Emax

7. Bremsstrahlung x-ray properties

8. Characteristic x rays produced by photo-electric absorption of tightly-bound electrons

9. Characteristic x-ray energies

10. Typical x-ray spectrum

11. X ray tube design

12. Focal spot geometry

13. Angulated focal spot properties

14. High voltage generation

15. Types of rectification

16. Three phase versus single phase

17. High voltage generator properties

18. HV generator controls

19. Basic Physics Quiz

1. Basics of MRI 
   • Magnetism
   • Resonance and RF
   • Relaxation

2. Physical Principles

3. MR Image Contrast

4. Instrumentation 

   • Magnets
   • RF and Gradient Coils
   • Electronics and Data Processing
5. Image Characteristics 
   • SNR
   • Resolution
   • Time
   • Relaxation Effects
   • Trade Offs
6. Artifacts
   • Chemical Shift Artifacts
   • Aliasing
   • Black Boundary Artifacts
   • Gibbs or Truncation Artifacts
   • Zipper Artifacts
   • Phase-encoded Motion Artifacts
   • Entry Slice Phenomenon
   • Slice-overlap Artifacts
   • Magic Angle Effects
   • Moire Fringes
   • RF Overflow Artifacts
   • Central Point Artifact
   • Susceptibility Artifacts
   • Zero-fill Artifact (Zebra Artifact)
7. Pulse sequences
   • Spin echo sequence
   • Inversion recovery sequence
   • Gradient echo sequences
   • Diffusion pulse sequences
   • Saturation Recovery Sequence
   • Echo-planar pulse sequence
   • Spiral Pulse Sequences
8. Safety 
   • Main Magnetic Field
   • Varying Magnetic (Gradient) Fields
   • Radio Frequency
9. Contrast Agents 
   • Gastrointestinal contrast agents
   • Intravenous contrast agents
   • Intravascular (blood pool) contrast agents
   • Tumor-specific agents
   • Hepatobiliary contrast agents
   • Reticuloendothelial Contrast Agents
10. MR Angiography 
    • Flow-related Enhancement
    • Time-of-flight MR angiography
    • Phase contrast MR angiography
11. MR Spectroscopy 
12. Special Topics 
    • Magnetization Transfer Contrast
    • Functional MRI

1. Introduction
2. The Mathematics of NMR
3. Spin Physics
4. NMR Spectroscopy
5. Fourier Transforms
6. Imaging Principles
7. Fourier Transform Imaging Principles
8. Basic Imaging Techniques
9. Imaging Hardware
10. Image Presentation
11. Image Artifacts
12. Advanced Imaging Techniques
13. Your MRI Exam
14. Clinical Images

• The Physics of Ultrasound ( Michele F. Loscocco)
• A brief introduction to ultrasound
• Ultrasound: How does it work?
• Phased Array
• Ultrasound Physics and intrumentaation
• Underlying Principles of Ultrasonography
• Main differences between Ultrasound and X-rays
• Doppler Effect
• History of the developments of Ultrasound

Interactions of Radiation with Matter

DNA Damage /
Chromosomal Aberrations /
Cellular Response

Tissue Response to Radiation

Factors Affecting Radiation Response

Whole-Body Radiation Effects

Hereditary Effects & Fertility

Radiation Carcinogenesis

Radiation Cataractogenesis

Effects on the Developing Embryo and Fetus

Radiation Exposure to the Human Population

Patient / Personnel Exposure; Risk-Benefit

Radiation Protection